Exhibit



	Years ended December 31,
In millions	2016		2015		2014		2013		2012
Earnings
Income before income taxes ⁽¹⁾	$	1,930	$	2,025	$	2,434	$	2,119	$	2,271
Add
Fixed charges	148		140		138		112		104
Amortization of capitalized interest	2		2		1		1		2
Distributed income of equity investees	212		248		228		271		329
Less
Equity in earnings of investees	260		273		330		325		347
Capitalized interest	6		3		7		7		7
Earnings before fixed charges	$	2,026	$	2,139	$	2,464	$	2,171	$	2,352

Fixed charges
Interest expense ⁽²⁾	$	69	$	65	$	64	$	41	$	32
Capitalized interest	6		3		7		7		7
Amortization of debt discount and deferred costs	3		3		3		2		6
Interest portion of rental expense ⁽³⁾	70		69		64		62		59
Total fixed charges	$	148	$	140	$	138	$	112	$	104

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges ⁽⁴⁾	13.7		15.3		17.9		19.4		22.6

⁽¹⁾ For the year ended December 31, 2016, income before income taxes included a $138 million charge related to a loss contingency. For the year ended December 31, 2015, income before income taxes included a $211 million charge related to impairment of light-duty diesel assets, $90 million of restructuring actions and other charges and a $60 million charge related to a loss contingency. For the year ended December 31, 2012, consolidated net income included $52 million of restructuring and other charges, a $6 million gain related to adjustments from our 2011 divestitures and a $20 million charge related to legal matters.

⁽²⁾ The interest amount in the table above does not include interest expense associated with uncertain tax positions. In 2015, we adopted new rules related to balance sheet debt issuance costs, which resulted in the reclassification of our December 31, 2014, debt balance, reducing our long-term debt by $12 million. In September 2013, we issued $1 billion of senior unsecured debt.

⁽⁴⁾ We have not issued preferred stock. Therefore, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends are the same as the ratios presented above.