Cummins Inc. Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

DERIVATIVES

DERIVATIVES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure

NOTE 13. DERIVATIVES

We are exposed to financial risk resulting from volatility in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. This risk is closely monitored and managed through the use of physical forward contracts (which are not considered derivatives) and financial derivative instruments including foreign currency forward contracts, commodity swap contracts and interest rate swaps. Financial derivatives are used expressly for hedging purposes and under no circumstances are they used for speculative purposes. When material, we adjust the estimated fair value of our derivative contracts for counterparty or our credit risk. None of our derivative instruments are subject to collateral requirements. Substantially all of our derivative contracts are subject to master netting arrangements, which provide us with the option to settle certain contracts on a net basis when they settle on the same day with the same currency. In addition, these arrangements provide for a net settlement of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event that the arrangement is terminated due to the occurrence of default or a termination event.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We had foreign currency forward contracts with notional amounts of $4.3 billion at September 30, 2024, with the following currencies comprising 84 percent of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts: British pound, Chinese renminbi, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar and Euro. We had foreign currency forward contracts with notional amounts of $4.5 billion at December 31, 2023, with the following currencies comprising 85 percent of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts: British pound, Chinese renminbi, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar and Swedish krona.

We are further exposed to foreign currency exchange risk as many of our subsidiaries are subject to fluctuations as the functional currencies of the underlying entities are not our U.S. dollar reporting currency. To help reduce volatility in the equity value of our subsidiaries, we enter into foreign exchange forwards designated as net investment hedges for certain of our investments. Under the current terms of our foreign exchange forwards, we agreed with third parties to sell British pounds, Chinese renminbi and Euros in exchange for U.S. dollar currency at a specified rate at the maturity of the contract. The notional amount of these hedges at September 30, 2024, was $1.6 billion.

The following table summarizes the net investment hedge activity in accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL):


	Three months ended									Nine months ended
	September 30,									September 30,
In millions	2024				2023					2024			2023
Type of Derivative	Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Earnings			Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Earnings			Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Earnings		Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Earnings

Foreign exchange forwards	$	(44)	$	—		$	22	$	—		$	(41)	$	—	$	(6)	$	—

Interest Rate Risk

In September 2023, we entered into a series of interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $500 million in order to trade a portion of the floating rate into a fixed rate on our term loan, due in 2025. The weighted-average interest rate of the interest rate swaps was 5.72 percent. We designated the swaps as cash flow hedges. The gains and losses on these derivative instruments are initially recorded in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings as interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as each interest payment is accrued. We settled $400 million of interest rate swaps in the second quarter of 2024 and the remaining $100 million in the third quarter of 2024. The losses recognized on settlements were immaterial. The interest rate swap activity in AOCL was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

In 2021, we entered into a series of interest rate swaps to effectively convert our $500 million senior notes, due in 2025, from a fixed rate of 0.75 percent to a floating rate equal to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a spread (subsequently adjusted to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) under a fallback protocol in our derivative agreements in the third quarter of 2023), and $400 million of the notional amount remained unsettled at September 30, 2024. We also entered into a series of interest rate swaps to effectively convert $765 million of our $850 million senior notes, due in 2030, from a fixed rate of 1.50 percent to a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus a spread (also similarly adjusted to SOFR). We designated the swaps as fair value hedges. The gain or loss on these derivative instruments, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current income as interest expense. The net swap settlements that accrue each period are also reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as interest expense.

The following table summarizes the gains and losses:


	Three months ended								Nine months ended
	September 30,								September 30,
In millions	2024				2023				2024				2023
Type of Swap	Gain (Loss) on Swaps		Gain (Loss) on Borrowings		Gain (Loss) on Swaps		Gain (Loss) on Borrowings		Gain (Loss) on Swaps		Gain (Loss) on Borrowings		Gain (Loss) on Swaps		Gain (Loss) on Borrowings
Interest rate swaps (1)	$	38	$	(35)	$	(17)	$	19	$	31	$	(27)	$	(10)	$	13

(1) The difference between the gain (loss) on swaps and borrowings represents hedge ineffectiveness.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The following table summarizes the effect on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income for derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023
(Loss) gain recognized in income - Cost of sales (1)	$	(2)	$	1	$	(1)	$	(2)
Gain (loss) recognized in income - Other income (expense), net (1)	104		(60)		60		(77)


(1) Includes foreign currency forward contracts.

Fair Value Amount and Location of Derivative Instruments

The following table summarizes the location and fair value of derivative instruments on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:


	Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments				Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Notional amount	$	3,869	$	2,997	$	3,286	$	3,610

Derivative assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (1)	$	21	$	14	$	56	$	16




Derivative liabilities
Other accrued expenses	$	32	$	43	$	16	$	14
Other liabilities	86		117		—		—
Total derivative liabilities (1)	$	118	$	160	$	16	$	14

(1) Estimates of the fair value of all derivative assets and liabilities above are derived from Level 2 inputs, which are estimated using actively quoted prices for similar instruments from brokers and observable inputs where available, including market transactions and third-party pricing services, or net asset values provided to investors. We do not currently have any Level 3 input measures and there were no transfers into or out of Level 2 or 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or the year ended December 31, 2023.

We elected to present our derivative contracts on a gross basis in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Had we chosen to present on a net basis, we would have derivatives in a net asset position of $31 million and $4 million and derivatives in a net liability position of $88 million and $148 million at September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.