| INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY INVESTEES |
NOTE 3. INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY INVESTEES
Investments in and advances to equity investees and our ownership percentage was as follows:
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December 31, |
In millions |
|
Ownership % |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
Komatsu alliances |
|
20-50% |
|
$ |
160 |
|
|
$ |
132 |
|
Dongfeng Cummins Engine Company, Ltd. |
|
50% |
|
136 |
|
|
135 |
|
Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. (1)
|
|
50% |
|
117 |
|
|
103 |
|
Chongqing Cummins Engine Company, Ltd. |
|
50% |
|
92 |
|
|
67 |
|
Cummins-Scania XPI Manufacturing, LLC |
|
50% |
|
85 |
|
|
71 |
|
Tata Cummins, Ltd. |
|
50% |
|
57 |
|
|
50 |
|
North American distributors (2)
|
|
49-50% |
|
41 |
|
|
114 |
|
Other |
|
Various |
|
293 |
|
|
259 |
|
Total |
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|
|
$ |
981 |
|
|
$ |
931 |
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_______________________________________________________________
(1) Includes both the light-duty and the heavy-duty businesses.
(2) Current ownership percentage of North American distributor investments as of December 31, 2014.
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees, net of applicable taxes, was as follows:
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Years ended December 31, |
In millions |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
|
2012 |
Distribution Entities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
North American distributors |
|
$ |
107 |
|
|
$ |
129 |
|
|
$ |
147 |
|
Komatsu Cummins Chile, Ltda. |
|
29 |
|
|
25 |
|
|
26 |
|
All other distributors |
|
4 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
4 |
|
Manufacturing Entities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dongfeng Cummins Engine Company, Ltd. |
|
67 |
|
|
63 |
|
|
52 |
|
Chongqing Cummins Engine Company, Ltd. |
|
51 |
|
|
58 |
|
|
61 |
|
Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. (Light-duty) |
|
28 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
5 |
|
Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. (Heavy-duty) |
|
(30 |
) |
|
(21 |
) |
|
(13 |
) |
All other manufacturers |
|
74 |
|
|
53 |
|
|
65 |
|
Cummins share of net income |
|
330 |
|
|
325 |
|
|
347 |
|
Royalty and interest income |
|
40 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
37 |
|
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees |
|
$ |
370 |
|
|
$ |
361 |
|
|
$ |
384 |
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Distribution Entities
We have an extensive worldwide distributor and dealer network through which we sell and distribute our products and services. Generally, our distributors are divided by geographic region with some of our distributors being wholly-owned by Cummins, some partially-owned and the majority independently owned. We consolidate all wholly-owned distributors and partially-owned distributors where we are the primary beneficiary and account for other partially-owned distributors using the equity method of accounting.
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• |
North American Distributors - As of December 31, 2014, our distribution channel in North America included three unconsolidated partially-owned distributors. Our equity interests in these nonconsolidated entities ranged from 49 percent to 50 percent. We also had more than a 50 percent ownership interest in two partially owned distributors which we consolidate. While each distributor is a separate legal entity, the business of each is substantially the same as that of our wholly-owned distributors based in other parts of the world. All of our distributors, irrespective of their legal structure or ownership, offer the full range of our products and services to customers and end-users in their respective markets.
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|
• |
Komatsu Cummins Chile, Ltda. - Komatsu Cummins Chile, Ltda. is a joint venture with Komatsu America Corporation. The joint venture is a distributor that offers the full range of our products and services to customers and end-users in the Chilean and Peruvian markets.
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We also have 50 percent equity interests in five other international distributors.
We are contractually obligated to repurchase new engines, parts and components, special tools and signage from our North American distributors following an ownership transfer or termination of the distributor. In addition, in certain cases where we own a partial interest in a distributor, we are obligated to purchase the other equity holders' interests if certain events occur (such as the death or resignation of the distributor principal or a change in control of Cummins Inc.). The purchase consideration of the equity interests is determined based on the fair value of the distributor's assets. Outside of North America, repurchase obligations and practices vary by region. All distributors that are partially-owned are considered to be related parties in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Manufacturing Entities
Our manufacturing joint ventures have generally been formed with customers and generally are intended to allow us to increase our market penetration in geographic regions, reduce capital spending, streamline our supply chain management and develop technologies. Our largest manufacturing joint ventures are based in China and are included in the list below. Our engine manufacturing joint ventures are supplied by our Components segment in the same manner as it supplies our wholly-owned Engine segment and Power Generation segment manufacturing facilities. Our Components segment joint ventures and wholly owned entities provide fuel systems, filtration, aftertreatment systems and turbocharger products that are used in our engines as well as some competitors' products. The results and investments in our joint ventures in which we have 50 percent or less ownership interest are included in “Equity, royalty and interest income from investees” and “Investments and advances related to equity method investees” in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.
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• |
Dongfeng Cummins Engine Company, Ltd. - Dongfeng Cummins Engine Company, Ltd. (DCEC) is a joint venture in China with Dongfeng Automotive Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of Dongfeng Motor Corporation (Dongfeng), one of the largest medium-duty and heavy-duty truck manufacturers in China. DCEC produces Cummins 4- to 13-liter mechanical engines, full-electric diesel engines, with a power range from 125 to 545 horsepower, and natural gas engines.
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• |
Chongqing Cummins Engine Company, Ltd. - Chongqing Cummins Engine Company, Ltd. (CCEC) is a joint venture in China with Chongqing Machinery and Electric Co. Ltd. This joint venture manufactures several models of our heavy-duty and high-horsepower diesel engines, primarily serving the industrial and stationary power markets in China.
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|
• |
Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. - Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. is a joint venture in China with Beiqi Foton Motor Co., Ltd., a commercial vehicle manufacturer, which consists of two distinct lines of business, a light-duty business and a heavy-duty business. The light-duty business produces ISF 2.8 liter and ISF 3.8 liter families of our high performance light-duty diesel engines in Beijing. These engines are used in light-duty commercial trucks, pickup trucks, buses, multipurpose and sport utility vehicles with main markets in China, Brazil and Russia. Certain types of marine, small construction equipment and industrial applications are also served by these engine families. The heavy-duty business has been in the development stage for the past several years but started production of ISG 10.5 liter and ISG 11.8 liter families of our high performance heavy-duty diesel engines in the second quarter of 2014 in Beijing. These engines are used in heavy-duty commercial trucks in China and will be used in world wide markets. Certain types of construction equipment and industrial applications will also be served by these engine families in the future.
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Equity Investee Financial Summary
We have approximately $489 million in our investment account at December 31, 2014, that represents cumulative undistributed income in our equity investees. Dividends received from our unconsolidated equity investees were $227 million, $271 million and $329 million in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Summary financial information for our equity investees was as follows:
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As of and for the years ended December 31, |
In millions |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
|
2012 |
Net sales |
|
$ |
7,426 |
|
|
$ |
7,799 |
|
|
$ |
8,296 |
|
Gross margin |
|
1,539 |
|
|
1,719 |
|
|
1,870 |
|
Net income |
|
630 |
|
|
690 |
|
|
747 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cummins share of net income |
|
$ |
330 |
|
|
$ |
325 |
|
|
$ |
347 |
|
Royalty and interest income |
|
40 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
37 |
|
Total equity, royalty and interest from investees |
|
$ |
370 |
|
|
$ |
361 |
|
|
$ |
384 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
$ |
2,476 |
|
|
$ |
2,742 |
|
|
|
|
Non-current assets |
|
1,667 |
|
|
1,794 |
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
(1,875 |
) |
|
(2,090 |
) |
|
|
|
Non-current liabilities |
|
(420 |
) |
|
(541 |
) |
|
|
|
Net assets |
|
$ |
1,848 |
|
|
$ |
1,905 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Cummins share of net assets |
|
$ |
956 |
|
|
$ |
967 |
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|