Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Statement [Abstract]      
Net sales [1] $ 23,771 $ 20,428 $ 17,509
Cost of sales 18,034 15,328 13,051
GROSS MARGIN 5,737 5,100 4,458
OPERATING EXPENSES AND INCOME      
Selling, general and administrative expenses 2,437 2,429 2,099
Research, development and engineering expenses 902 754 637
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees (Note 3) 394 357 [2] 301
Loss contingency (Note 9) 0 5 [3] 138 [3]
Other operating income (expense), net (6) 65 (5)
OPERATING INCOME 2,786 2,334 1,880
Interest income 35 18 23
Interest expense (Note 10) 114 81 69
Other income, net 46 94 96
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 2,753 2,365 1,930
Income tax expense (Note 4) 566 1,371 474
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 2,187 994 1,456
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 46 (5) 62
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC. $ 2,141 $ 999 $ 1,394
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC. (Note 18)      
Basic (in dollars per share) $ 13.20 $ 5.99 $ 8.25
Diluted (in dollars per share) $ 13.15 $ 5.97 $ 8.23
Sales to nonconsolidated equity investees $ 1,267 $ 1,174 $ 1,028
[1] Includes sales to nonconsolidated equity investees of $1,267 million, $1,174 million and $1,028 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
[2] U.S. tax legislation passed in December 2017 decreased our equity earnings at certain equity investees, negatively impacting our equity, royalty and interest income from investees by $23 million, $4 million and $12 million for the Engine, Distribution and Components segments, respectively. See Note 4, "INCOME TAXES," for additional information.
[3] See Note 9, "PRODUCT WARRANTY LIABILITY," for additional information.