Cummins Inc. Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

DERIVATIVES

DERIVATIVES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure

NOTE 22. DERIVATIVES

We are exposed to financial risk resulting from volatility in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. This risk is closely monitored and managed through the use of physical forward contracts (which are not considered derivatives), and financial derivative instruments including foreign currency forward contracts, commodity swap contracts and interest rate swaps and locks. Financial derivatives are used expressly for hedging purposes and under no circumstances are they used for speculative purposes. When material, we adjust the estimated fair value of our derivative contracts for counterparty or our credit risk. None of our derivative instruments are subject to collateral requirements. Substantially all of our derivative contracts are subject to master netting arrangements, which provide us with the option to settle certain contracts on a net basis when they settle on the same day with the same currency. In addition, these arrangements provide for a net settlement of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event that the arrangement is terminated due to the occurrence of default or a termination event.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We had foreign currency forward contracts with notional amounts of $3.6 billion and $2.7 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following currencies comprise 88 percent and 87 percent of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively: Chinese renminbi, British pound, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar and Euro.

We are further exposed to foreign currency exchange risk as many of our subsidiaries are subject to fluctuations as the functional currencies of the underlying entities are not our U.S. dollar reporting currency. To help minimize movements for certain investments, in 2022 we began entering into foreign exchange forwards designated as net investment hedges for certain of our investments. Under the current terms of our foreign exchange forwards, we agreed with third parties to sell British pound in exchange for U.S. dollar currency at a specified rate at the maturity of the contract. The notional amount of these hedges at December 31, 2022, was $705 million.

The following table summarizes the net investment hedge activity in AOCL:


	Year ended December 31,
In millions	2022
Type of Derivative	Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Earnings

Foreign exchange forwards	$	(22)	$	—

Interest Rate Risk

In 2021 we entered into a series of interest rate swaps to effectively convert our $500 million senior notes, due in 2025, from a fixed rate of 0.75 percent to a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus a spread. We also entered into a series of interest rate swaps to effectively convert $765 million of our $850 million senior notes, due in 2030, from a fixed rate of 1.50 percent to a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus a spread. The swaps were designated, and will be accounted for, as fair value hedges. The gain or loss on these derivative instruments, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current income as interest expense. The net swap settlements that accrue each period are also reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements as interest expense.

We had a series of interest rate swaps to effectively convert our September 2013, $500 million debt issue, due in 2023, from a fixed rate of 3.65 percent to a floating rate equal to the one-month LIBOR plus a spread. The debt is included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as long-term debt. The terms of the swaps mirrored those of the debt, with interest paid semi-annually. The swaps were designated, and were accounted for, as fair value hedges. The gain or loss on these derivative instruments, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, were recognized in current income as interest expense. The net swap settlements that accrued each period were also reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements as interest expense. A basis adjustment related to credit risk, excluded from the assessment of effectiveness, was being amortized over the life of the hedge using a straight-line method and was considered de minimis.

The following table summarizes the gains and losses:


	Years ended December 31,
In millions	2022				2021				2020
Type of Swap	Gain (Loss) on Swaps		Gain (Loss) on Borrowings		Gain (Loss) on Swaps		Gain (Loss) on Borrowings		Gain (Loss) on Swaps		Gain (Loss) on Borrowings
Interest rate swaps(1)	$	(148)	$	145	$	(3)	$	2	$	7	$	(5)


(1) The difference between the gain (loss) on swaps and borrowings represented hedge ineffectiveness.

In 2019 we entered into $350 million of interest rate lock agreements, and in 2020 we entered into an additional $150 million of lock agreements to reduce the variability of the cash flows of the interest payments on a total of $500 million of fixed rate debt forecast to be issued in 2023 to replace our senior notes at maturity. The terms of the rate locks mirror the time period of the expected fixed rate debt issuance and the expected timing of interest payments on that debt. The gains and losses on these derivative instruments will be initially recorded in other comprehensive income and will be released to earnings in interest expense in future periods to reflect the difference in (1) the fixed rates economically locked in at the inception of the hedge and (2) the actual fixed rates established in the debt instrument at issuance. In December 2022, we settled certain rate lock agreements with notional amounts totaling $150 million for $49 million. This amount will remain in other comprehensive income to be recognized over the term of the anticipated new debt as discussed above.

The following table summarizes the interest rate lock activity in AOCL:


	Year ended December 31,
In millions	2022		2021				2020
Type of Swap	Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Interest Expense		Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL			Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Interest Expense		Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Interest Expense

Interest rate locks	$	112	$	—	$	19		$	—	$	(22)	$	—

Cash Flow Hedging

The following table summarizes the effect on our Consolidated Statements of Net Income for derivative instruments classified as cash flow hedges. The table does not include amounts related to ineffectiveness as it was not material for the periods presented.


	Years ended December 31,
In millions	2022		2021		2020
Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCL into income - Net sales(1)	$	(4)	$	(4)	$	3
Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCL into income - Cost of sales(1)(2)	1		6		—
Total	$	(3)	$	2	$	3


(1) Includes foreign currency forward contracts.
(2) Includes commodity swap contracts.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The following table summarizes the effect on our Consolidated Statements of Net Income for derivative instruments not classified as cash flow hedges:


	Years ended December 31,
In millions	2022		2021		2020
Gain (loss) recognized in income - Cost of sales(1)	$	2	$	—	$	(1)
Gain (loss) recognized in income - Other income, net(1)	(5)		45		1
Total	$	(3)	$	45	$	—

(1) Includes foreign currency forward contracts.

Fair Value Amount and Location of Derivative Instruments

The following table summarizes the location and fair value of derivative instruments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets:


	Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments				Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
	December 31,				December 31,
In millions	2022		2021		2022		2021
Notional amount	$	3,051	$	2,558	$	2,900	$	1,888

Derivative assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	18	$	15	$	27	$	4

Other assets	80		—		—		—
Total derivative assets(1)	$	98	$	15	$	27	$	4

Derivative liabilities
Other accrued expenses	$	19	$	11	$	3	$	4
Other liabilities	151		19		—		—
Total derivative liabilities(1)	$	170	$	30	$	3	$	4

(1) Estimates of the fair value of all derivative assets and liabilities above are derived from Level 2 inputs, which are estimated using actively quoted prices for similar instruments from brokers and observable inputs where available, including market transactions and third-party pricing services, or net asset values provided to investors. We do not currently have any Level 3 input measures and there were no transfers into or out of Level 2 or 3 during 2022 or 2021.

We elected to present our derivative contracts on a gross basis in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Had we chosen to present on a net basis, we would have derivatives in a net asset position of $52 million and derivatives in a net liability position of $100 million.